BS ISO 21285:2019 pdf free.Soil quality — Inhibition of reproduction of the soil mite (Hypoaspis aculeifer) by soil contaminants.
Ecotoxicological test systems are applied to obtain information about the effects of contaminants in soil and are proposed to complement conventional chemical analysis (see ISO 15799 and ISO 17616). ISO 15799 includes a list and short characterization of recommended and standardized test systems and ISO 17616 gives guidance on the choice and evaluation of the bloassays. Aquatic test systems with soil eluate are applied to obtain information about the fraction of contaminants potentially reaching the groundwater by the water path (retention function of soils), whereas terrestrial test systems are used to assess the habitat function of soils. Mites (Acari) are a world-wide and diverse group of arthropods belonging to the class Arachnida with over 40 000 species recorded, divided into two super-orders (Acariformes and Parasitiformes). Due to their relative small size (a few urn to a few cm), they occupy specific ecological niches on plants as well as in soils (see Reference [13]). Among mites, the predator Hypoaspis aculeifer is the most studied species in laboratory. The reproduction end point was found in general to be more sensitive than mortality and avoidance. Compared to other soil meso-fauna invertebrates, mites were found in general less sensitive than or as sensitive as other test species, depending on the end points and chemicals studied. Considering semi-field studies, H. aculeifer was used as a top predator whereas other soil invertebrates, mainly springtails, were ranked in the grazer group. In these studies, mites showed to be quite tolerant towards anthropogenic contamination. This statement was also corroborated by field surveys. However, the applicability of laboratory test methods for the assessment of environmental samples (contaminated soils, wastes etc.) with mites is emphasized, as to date a limited number of studies are available. BS ISO 21285 describes a method that is based on the determination of lethal and sublethal effects of contaminated soils to adult predatory mites of the species Hypoaspis aculeifer. This species is considered to be representative of predatory soil arthropods. Background information on the ecology of these mites and their use in ecotoxicological testing is available in Reference [14]. This document specifies a chronic test method for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and substances on the reproduction of Ilypoaspis aculeifer by – mainly — alimentary uptake. This method is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, industrial, agricultural or other sites under concern and waste materials (e.g. dredged material, municipal sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, composed material, or manure, especially those for possible land disposal). The reproduction (= number of juveniles) is the measured parameter of the test. The test reflects the bioavailability of a mixture of contaminants in natural soils (contaminated site soils) to a species which represents a trophic level which is not covered by other ISO standards. This test is not intended to replace the earthworm (see ISO 11268-2) or Collembola (see ISO 11267) reproduction tests since this species belongs not only to a different trophic group but also a different taxonomic group (= mites; i.e. arachnids) than those used usually. Effects of substances are assessed using a standard soil, preferably a defined artificial soil substrate. For contaminated soils, the effects are determined in the soil to be tested and in a control soil. Depending on the objective of the study, the control and dilution substrate (dilution series of contaminated soil) are either an uncontaminated soil comparable to the soil to be tested (reference soil) or a standard soil (e.g. artificial soil).BS ISO 21285 pdf download.